Configure a custom cron job and cron group (tutorial)

This tutorial shows you step-by-step how to create a custom cron job and optionally a cron group in a sample module. You can use a module you already have or you can use a sample module from our magento2-samples repository.

Running the cron job results in a row being added to the cron_schedule table with the name of the cron job, custom_cron.

We also show you how to optionally create a cron group, which you can use to run custom cron jobs with settings other than Magento application defaults.

In this tutorial, we assume the following:

The Magento application is installed in /var/www/html/magento2
Your Magento database user name and password are both magento
You perform all actions as the Magento file system owner

Step 1: Get a sample module

To set up a custom cron job, you need a sample module. We suggest the magento-module-minimal module.

If you already have a sample module, you can use it; skip this step and the next step and continue with Step 3: Create a class to run cron.

To get a sample module:

Log in to your Magento server as, or switch to, the Magento file system owner.
Change to a directory that is not in your Magento application root (for example, your home directory).
Clone the magento2-samples repository.

For example,
```
cd ~
git clone git@github.com:magento/magento2-samples.git
```
If the command fails with the error Permission denied (publickey)., you must add your SSH public key to github.com.

Make a directory to which to copy the sample code:

mkdir -p /var/www/html/magento2/app/code/Magento/SampleMinimal

Copy the sample module code:

cp -r ~/magento2-samples/sample-module-minimal/* /var/www/html/magento2/app/code/Magento/SampleMinimal

Verify the files copied properly:

ls -al /var/www/html/magento2/app/code/Magento/SampleMinimal

You should see the following result:

drwxrwsr-x.   4 magento_user apache  4096 Oct 30 13:19 .
drwxrwsr-x. 121 magento_user apache  4096 Oct 30 13:19 ..
-rw-rw-r--.   1 magento_user apache   372 Oct 30 13:19 composer.json
drwxrwsr-x.   2 magento_user apache  4096 Oct 30 13:19 etc
-rw-rw-r--.   1 magento_user apache 10376 Oct 30 13:19 LICENSE_AFL.txt
-rw-rw-r--.   1 magento_user apache 10364 Oct 30 13:19 LICENSE.txt
-rw-rw-r--.   1 magento_user apache  1157 Oct 30 13:19 README.md
-rw-rw-r--.   1 magento_user apache   270 Oct 30 13:19 registration.php
drwxrwsr-x.   3 magento_user apache  4096 Oct 30 13:19 Test

Update the Magento database and schema:

php /var/www/html/magento2/bin/magento setup:upgrade

Step 2: Verify the sample module

Before you continue, make sure the sample module is registered and enabled.

To verify the sample module:

Log in to the Magento Admin as an administrator.
Click Stores > Configuration > ADVANCED > Advanced.
In the right pane, under Disable Modules Output, look for Magento_SampleMinimal as the following figure shows.

If the module doesn’t display, review step 1 carefully. Make sure your code is in the correct directory. Spelling and case are important; if anything is different, the module won’t load. Also, don’t forget to run magento setup:upgrade.

Step 3: Create a class to run cron

This step shows a simple class to create a cron job. The class only writes a row to the cron_schedule table that confirms it’s set up successfully.

To create a class:

Create a directory for the class and change to that directory:

mkdir /var/www/html/magento2/app/code/Magento/SampleMinimal/Cron && cd /var/www/html/magento2/app/code/Magento/SampleMinimal/Cron

Created a file named Test.php in that directory with the following contents:

<?php
namespace Magento\SampleMinimal\Cron;
use \Psr\Log\LoggerInterface;

class Test {
    protected $logger;

    public function __construct(LoggerInterface $logger) {
        $this->logger = $logger;
    }

/**
   * Write to system.log
   *
   * @return void
   */

    public function execute() {
        $this->logger->info('Cron Works');
    }

}

Step 4: Create `crontab.xml`

crontab.xml sets a schedule to run your custom cron code.

To create crontab.xml:

Create crontab.xml as follows in the /var/www/html/magento2/app/code/Magento/SampleMinimal/etc directory:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:module:Magento_Cron:etc/crontab.xsd">
    <group id="default">
        <job name="custom_cronjob" instance="Magento\SampleMinimal\Cron\Test" method="execute">
            <schedule>* * * * *</schedule>
        </job>
    </group>
</config>

The preceding crontab.xml runs the Magento/SampleMinimal/Cron/Test.php class once per minute, resulting in a row being added to the cron_schedule table.

Step 5: Verify the cron job

This step shows how to verify the custom cron job successfully using a SQL query on the cron_schedule database table.

To verify cron:

Run Magento cron jobs:

php /var/www/html/magento2/bin/magento cron:run

Enter the magento cron:run command two or three times.

The first time you enter the command, it queues jobs; subsequently, the cron jobs are run. You must enter the command at least twice.

Run the SQL query SELECT * from cron_schedule WHERE job_code like '%custom%' as follows:

Enter mysql -u magento -p
At the mysql> prompt, enter use magento;
Enter SELECT * from cron_schedule WHERE job_code like '%custom%';

The result should be similar to the following:

+-------------+----------------+---------+----------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| schedule_id | job_code       | status  | messages | created_at          | scheduled_at        | executed_at         | finished_at         |
+-------------+----------------+---------+----------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
|        3670 | custom_cronjob | success | NULL     | 2016-11-02 09:38:03 | 2016-11-02 09:38:00 | 2016-11-02 09:39:03 | 2016-11-02 09:39:03 |
|        3715 | custom_cronjob | success | NULL     | 2016-11-02 09:53:03 | 2016-11-02 09:53:00 | 2016-11-02 09:54:04 | 2016-11-02 09:54:04 |
|        3758 | custom_cronjob | success | NULL     | 2016-11-02 10:09:03 | 2016-11-02 10:09:00 | 2016-11-02 10:10:03 | 2016-11-02 10:10:03 |
|        3797 | custom_cronjob | success | NULL     | 2016-11-02 10:24:03 | 2016-11-02 10:24:00 | 2016-11-02 10:25:03 | 2016-11-02 10:25:03 |
+-------------+----------------+---------+----------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+

(Optional) Verify messages are written to Magento’s system log:
```
cat /var/www/html/magento2/var/log/system.log
```
You should see one or more entries like the following:
```
[2016-11-02 22:17:03] main.INFO: Cron Works [] []
```
These messages come from the execute method in Test.php:
```
public function execute() {
   $this->logger->info('Cron Works');
```

If the SQL command and system log contain no entries, run the magento cron:run command a few more times and wait. It can take some time for the database to update.

Step 6 (optional): Set up a custom cron group

This step shows how to optionally set up a custom cron group. You should set up a custom cron group you want your custom cron job to run on a different schedule than other cron jobs (typically, once per minute) or if you want several custom cron jobs to run with different settings.

To set up a custom cron group:

Open crontab.xml in a text editor.
Change <group id="default"> to <group id="custom_crongroup">
Exit the text editor.
Create /var/www/html/magento2/app/code/Magento/SampleMinimal/etc/cron_groups.xml with the following contents:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:module:Magento_Cron:etc/cron_groups.xsd">
    <group id="custom_crongroup">
        <schedule_generate_every>1</schedule_generate_every>
        <schedule_ahead_for>4</schedule_ahead_for>
        <schedule_lifetime>2</schedule_lifetime>
        <history_cleanup_every>10</history_cleanup_every>
        <history_success_lifetime>60</history_success_lifetime>
        <history_failure_lifetime>600</history_failure_lifetime>
    </group>
</config>

For a description of what the options mean, see Configure custom cron jobs and cron groups reference.

Step 7 (optional): Verify your custom cron group

This step shows how to verify your custom cron group using the Magento Admin.

To verify your custom cron group:

Run Magento cron jobs for your custom group:

php /var/www/html/magento2/bin/magento cron:run --group="custom_crongroup"

Run the command at least twice.

Clean the Magento cache:

php /var/www/html/magento2/bin/magento cache:clean

Log in to the Magento Admin as an administrator.
Click Stores > Configuration > Advanced > System.
In the right pane, expand Cron.

Your cron group displays as follows:

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